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ABSTRACT Rapid warming could drastically alter host–parasite relationships, which is especially important for fisheries crucial to human nutrition and economic livelihoods, yet we lack a synthetic understanding of how warming influences parasite‐induced mortality in these systems. We conducted a meta‐analysis using 266 effect sizes from 52 empirical papers on harvested aquatic species and determined the relationship between parasite‐induced host mortality and temperature and how this relationship was altered by host, parasite, and study design traits. Overall, higher temperatures increased parasite‐induced host mortality; however, the magnitude of this relationship varied. Hosts from the order Salmoniformes experienced a greater increase in parasite‐induced mortality with temperature than the average response to temperature across fish orders. Opportunistic parasites were associated with a greater increase in infected host mortality with temperature than the average across parasite strategies, while bacterial parasites were associated with lower infected host mortality as temperature increased than the average across parasite types. Thus, parasites will generally increase host mortality as the environment warms; however, this effect will vary among systems. 

Abstract This paper presents an innovative educational approach used in a sophomore systems engineering course, where LEGO Mindstorms robots are integrated to accelerate the understanding of complex systems engineering concepts. While hands‐on learning tools like LEGO Mindstorms are often used in engineering education, our approach uniquely emphasizes the unpredictability and complexity inherent in real‐world systems engineering. Rather than focusing solely on technology or project completion, we incorporate controlled disruptions during exercises, such as modifying project requirements, changing team compositions, or removing key components from the kits. These disruptions simulate dynamic environments, requiring students to adapt, manage resource limitations, and navigate evolving constraints. This approach bridges the gap between theory and practice, allowing students to rapidly prototype, test, and observe the impacts of their engineering decisions in real time. This paper describes in detail the instructional approach and presents the different experiences that mimic real‐life projects that emerge during the learning activities. 

Electrocatalytic transformation of oxygenated aromatics to cycloalkanes on activated carbon cloth-supported ruthenium and platinum under mild conditions (≤60°, atmospheric pressure) using hydrogen equivalents producedin situby water splitting. 

Climate-driven decreases in body size have been documented for a variety of taxa and proposed as a universal response to climate change. However, empirical support among taxa, including fishes, has been mixed, with some fishes growing larger at higher temperatures, and causal mechanisms for faster or slower growth under debate. We simulated effects of climate warming on bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) growth and consumption and used linear regression and boosted regression trees (BRTs) to model length-at-age for bluegill from Michigan lakes from 1945 to 2019. Bioenergetics models showed bluegill growth and consumption both increase under climate warming. In contrast, linear regression revealed that bluegill ages 1–4 decreased (–0.20 to –0.55 mm/year) in mean length-at-age and that ages 5–8 increased or did not statistically change. BRTs demonstrated that growth had a unimodal relationship with surface water temperature and degree days, peaking at intermediate values. This mismatch between simulations and empirical data may be from increased recruitment leading to increased food limitation at higher temperatures. Future research should empirically test this hypothesis and assess the consequences for ecosystem functions and services. 

Abstract We report the detection of near- and mid-infrared emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) out to ∼35 kpc in the Makani Galaxy, a compact massive galaxy with a record-breaking 100 kpc scale starburst-driven wind at redshiftz= 0.459. The NIRCam and MIRI observations with JWST take advantage of a coincidental match between the PAH spectral features at 3.3, 7.7, and (11.3 + 12.2)μm in Makani and the bandpasses of the MIRI and NIRCam filters. The warm dust is not only detected in the cool-gas tracers of the galactic wind associated with the more recent (7 Myr) starburst episode, but also in the outer warm ionized gas wind produced by the older (0.4 Gyr) episode. The presence of PAHs in the outer wind indicates that the PAHs have survived the long (R/v∼ 10⁸yr) journey to the halo despite the harsh environment of the galactic wind. The measured F1800W/F1130W flux ratios in the unresolved nucleus, inner halo (R= 10–20 kpc), and outer halo (R= 20–35 kpc), tracers of the PAH (11.3 + 12.2)/7.7 ratios, indicate decreasing starlight intensity incident on the PAHs, decreasing PAH sizes, and increasing PAH ionization fractions with increasing distance from the nucleus. These data provide the strongest evidence to date that the ejected dust of galactic winds survives the long journey to the circumgalactic medium, but is eroded along the way.